Real Estate Disputes
Real estate disputes, or disputes concerning properties, refer to legal cases or matters where the subject of the claim involves a property or the source of the conflict between the parties arises from immovable property. These properties can include land, apartments, shops, buildings, standalone houses, gardens, and similar assets.
Examples of Real Estate Disputes
– Contract termination (Faskh-e Gharardad)
– Partition and division of jointly owned properties (Afraz wa Taqsim)
– Request for a sale order of joint property
– Exercise of the right of pre-emption (Akhdh be Shuf’eh)
– Disputes over uncultivated lands (Aradi Mowat)
– Eviction (Takhliyeh)
– Possession claims (Khal’e Yad)
– Prevention of rights violation (Raf’-e Mamanat az Haq)
– Removal of interference or nuisance (Raf’-e Mozahamat az Haq)
– Authorization for transfer of benefits
– Disputes related to natural resources
– Disputes involving municipalities
– Claims related to goodwill rights and business premises rights
– Obligation to release property from mortgage (Fak-e Rahn)
– Obtaining the partition deed (Soorat-e Majles Tafkiki)
– Obtaining the completion certificate (Payan-e Kar)
– Disputes concerning endowments (Moqoofat)
– Rent adjustment disputes (Tadil Ejareh)
– Claims for rental compensation (Ajrat al-Mithl)
– Validation of the sale agreement (Tanfiẕ-e Mobayeh Nameh)
These types of disputes cover a wide range of issues related to property ownership, management, and transactions.
Obligation to Register an Official Property Deed
In this dispute, the plaintiff (the person who submits the petition to the court), having fulfilled their obligations toward the defendant (the person against whom the petition is filed), and having complied with all contractual conditions, claims that the defendant has failed to transfer the deed or register the official deed in court, at notary offices, or through relevant government agencies. As a result, the plaintiff requests, in the claim section of the petition, that the court compel the defendant to register the deed in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
The Most Important Types of Real Estate Legal Disputes
- Claim for Release of Mortgage and Guarantee Deeds
- Claim for Obligation to Register an Official Property Deed
- Claim for Obtaining the Partition Deed (specific to buildings with multiple independent units)
- Claim for Obtaining the Completion Certificate (specific to completed buildings approved by a construction expert)
- Claim for Contract Cancellation (specific to issues in the terms of the contract)
- Claim for Rental Compensation (Ajrat al-Mithl)
- Claim for Contract Termination (specific to contracts with legal deficiencies)
- Claim for Rent Adjustment Based on Market Standards** (request for rent increase or reduction)
- Claim for Goodwill and Business Rights (Saraghefi)
- Claim for Eviction of Commercial Properties (specific to properties governed by special laws)
- Claim for Authorization of Benefit Transfer from One Party to Another.
The Most Important Types of Criminal Real Estate Disputes
- Claim for Forgery of Property Documents with the Intent to Deceive and Defraud Others
- Claim for Fraud in the Purchase, Sale, and Transactions of Real Estate and Housing
- Claim for Breach of Trust (Khiyanat dar Amanat)
- Claim for the Illegal Sale of Property to One or Multiple Individuals
- Claim for the Unauthorized Transfer of Property Benefits to Other Individuals
- Claim for Collusion and Corruption in Government Property Transactions and Deals
- Claim for Using Forged Documents in Real Estate Transactions
- Claim for Changing the Land Use of Agricultural Property without Official Permission from Relevant Authorities
- Claim for Conflicting Property Transactions (Moameleh Mo'araz)
- Claim for Fragmentation of Property and Unauthorized Entry onto Another’s Land
The Most Important Types of Registered Real Estate Disputes
- Claim for Cancellation of an Official Deed (Invalidation of the deed for various reasons)
- Claim for Cancellation of Property Registration Enforcement Orders
- Claim for Cancellation of Conflicting Ownership Deeds
- Claim for Cancellation of Registration Procedures (Invalidation of processes conducted by various registration commissions)
- Claim for Cancellation of the Decision by the Dispute Resolution Board of the National Registration and Deeds Organization
- Claim for Partition of Property (Afraz-e Malek)
- Claim for Execution of Registration Procedures
- Claim for Suspension of Execution Operations (Halting execution processes at different stages).




